Myelodysplastic Syndrome / Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia: role of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46765/2675-374X.2020v1n1p15-18Keywords:
Secondary Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Relapse, DiagnosisAbstract
Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (s-AML) refers to the development of leukemia after cytotoxic therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, radiation or an antecedent hematological disorder, such as Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). A s-AML corresponds to 10% to 30% of AML cases and is defined by the presence of at least 20% of blast cells, representing a category of disease with a poor prognosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the only option with curative potential for patients with s-AML, but recurrence after HSCT emerges as a frequent cause of treatment failure and course with high mortality. We report the case of a patient with s-AML after MDS, who underwent HSCT due to refractoriness to other treatments, recovering the bone marrow with dysplasia, being classified as AREB1.